Omniweb nasa dst index12/28/2022 The aim of this study is twofold: firstly, it will investigate the impact of the meteorological variables measured in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To the best knowledge of the authors, there is no study that examines the relationship between solar, CRs, geophysical parameters, and the spread of COVID-19 cases. It is imperative to explore the potential effects of these factors on the current COVID-19 pandemic to help national and international organizations and healthcare policymakers in the process of strategizing to combat COVID-19. Over the last 20 years, numerous studies have been carried out, and the evidence suggests that space weather activity has a broad range of adverse effects on human health. Extraterrestrial factors mainly affected by solar disturbances, such as the fluctuation of the Earth’s magnetic field (Earth-ionosphere cavity/Schumann resonances), geomagnetic activity, variation of cosmic ray (CR) intensity, and electromagnetic changes, contribute to the nature of the virus, acquired hosts, virus-host interactions, and spread of infectious diseases outbreaks (e.g., and references therein). Given the large and effective role that the sun plays in influencing the Earth and thus, our lives, any slight change in the sun’s activity will have an impact on the Earth depending on the strength and intensity of this change or event. These include the population density, socio-economic factors, healthcare, and the like (e.g., ).įurthermore, a large number of investigations have been conducted to investigate the effects of meteorological conditions on COVID-19 transmission in several places in the world (e.g., - ). Immediately afterward, several research studies around the world were conducted to investigate the association between COVID-19 and a wide range of factors to understand their influence in contributing to the spread of COVID-19 and to reduce the ongoing threat of the pandemic. Since the first known identified case was reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease has spread worldwide and developed into a global pandemic, becoming one of the most significant global health threats in a century (WHO, 2020). The spread of epidemics and pandemics depends on several factors, such as individual, social, economic, physiological or immunological, as well as environmental influences such as meteorological and/or cosmo-geophysical factors (e.g., ). The process of strategizing to combat COVID-19. National and international organizations and healthcare policymakers in Understand the behavior of the virus against meteorological, solar, and geophysical variables and can be considered The obtained results will help the epidemiologists to Solar wind speed and radio flux at 10.7 cm have negative correlations with theĬOVID-19 cases. Moreover, the results showed that the Dst index andĬosmic rays are positively correlated with the COVID-19 cases. Other hand, the mean values of relative humidity and atmospheric pressure are inversely correlated with the number ofĬOVID-19 cases in Riyadh. Positively associated with the daily number of reported COVID-19 cases. Obtained results showed that the air temperature and average wind speed are These variables and the COVID-19 pandemic cases from 3 April 2020 to 1 AugustĢ021 was investigated using the Spearman and Kendall rank correlation tests. Representatives of the solar and geophysical variables. The solar radio flux, Dst index, and solar wind speed were utilized as Were air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. Transmission of COVID-19 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The meteorological, solar, and geophysical factors and cosmic rays on the This study aims to determine the influential role of
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